Strengthening National Forensic Medicine Systems through Comprehensive Forensic Legislation: A Model for Reform in Resource-Limited Settings

Dr Hashim Fagiry  _{Only Author}

Abstract

Sudan's forensic medicine system faces significant challenges due to the absence of a comprehensive legal framework. The lack of clear policies governing forensic data collection, evidence preservation, chain-of-custody protocols, and accountability mechanisms has hindered compliance with international standards. Political interference and regulatory gaps further compromise the reliability and objectivity of forensic investigations.

This study explores how the implementation of robust forensic legislation and standardized protocols can enhance Sudan's forensic capacity. It examines the impact of political and regulatory shortcomings on forensic reliability and evaluates potential reforms to promote independence and public trust.

Using a qualitative exploratory approach, the research integrates auto-ethnographic insights from a Sudanese forensic consultant with an extensive review of literature. Data were drawn from policy documents, academic studies, and reports from non-governmental organizations, with thematic and policy analysis employed to identify gaps, ethical violations, and operational inefficiencies. International forensic practices were analyzed to pinpoint reform opportunities.

The findings reveal a backlog of 4,000 unidentified bodies in Khartoum’s morgues between 2019 and 2023, with only 50 autopsies performed during this time. Contributing factors include political interference, inadequate storage facilities, and a shortage of skilled personnel. These issues are compounded by outdated curricula, insufficient training facilities, and a lack of practical programs aligned with international forensic standards. Aligning practices with global forensic standards could reduce the backlog by 75%. However, significant reforms are needed, including curriculum modernization, the introduction of advanced training techniques, and the establishment of certification systems to expedite identifications and rebuild credibility.

Comprehensive legal reforms are essential to strengthen Sudan's forensic independence, enhance operational efficiency, and ensure alignment with international standards. These measures are vital for supporting transitional justice and restoring public trust.