Ergonomic and Work-Related Musculoskeletal DisordersAmong Dentists in Governmental Dental Hospitals inKhartoum, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Muram Ahmed^1, Yousif Alssissi² †, Doaa Mabrouk ³

Abstract

Work‑related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are pervasive among dental professionals worldwide, yet local data are scarce in many low‑ and middle‑income settings. This cross‑sectional study assessed the frequency of ergonomic exposures and WRMSD symptoms among dentists working in public dental hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan, and identified factors associated with symptom burden. A structured questionnaire captured sociodemographic information, occupational characteristics and self‑reported musculoskeletal complaints. Prevalence estimates, descriptive analyses and bivariate tests were used to examine associations between potential risk factors and WRMSD outcomes. A large proportion of participating dentists reported recent and chronic symptoms affecting the neck, shoulders and lower back. Taller height and greater patient volume showed the strongest associations with WRMSD complaints, while gender, age, body mass index and exercise habits did not significantly influence prevalence. These findings highlight the need for targeted ergonomic interventions and workload management to protect the musculoskeletal health of dentists in Sudanese public hospitals.